2019;90(4):451-457. View abstract. View abstract. In: Olsen, R. F. Protien-calorie Malnutrition. Wyckoff KF, Ganji V. Proportion of individuals with low serum vitamin B-12 concentrations without macrocytosis is higher in the post folic acid fortification period than in the pre folic acid fortification period. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1167-72. Furthermore, maternal vitamin B12 deficiency may contribute to premature birth or miscarriage (4, 5, 6). Weinstein, S. J., Ziegler, R. G., Frongillo, E. A., Jr., Colman, N., Sauberlich, H. E., Brinton, L. A., Hamman, R. F., Levine, R. S., Mallin, K., Stolley, P. D., and Bisogni, C. A. View abstract. View abstract. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. J Nutr 2007;137(7):1789-1794. Saltzman JR, Kemp JA, Golner BB, et al. J Nutr 1994;124(10):1927-1933. Administering hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit), a natural form of vitamin B12, as a shot is likely effective for treating cyanide poisoning. Vitamin B-12 - Mayo Clinic WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Neurology 2013;81(15):1298-307. Effect of the combination of uridine nucleotides, folic acid and vitamin B12 on the clinical expression of peripheral neuropathies. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37:490-3. Vitamin B12 is involved in red blood cell formation. Gut 2013;62(5):766-73. Vitamin B12 may play a vital role in your bone health. View abstract. No Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) has been established for B12, due to its low level of toxicity. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1983;14(3):317-323. Arzneimittelforschung. Research on the use of vitamin B-12 for specific activities and conditions shows: Heart and blood vessel disease. Toskes PP, Deren JJ. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2673-81. View abstract. Clinical features of circadian rhythm sleep disorders in outpatients. J Am Geriatr.Soc 2002;50(11):1789-1795. Oral Dis. Bones with decreased mineral density can become delicate and fragile over time, leading to an increased risk of osteoporosis. Nervenarzt 2012;83(4):521-532. Herbert V, Jacob E. Destruction of vitamin B12 by ascorbic acid. Borron, S. W., Baud, F. J., Megarbane, B., and Bismuth, C. Hydroxocobalamin for severe acute cyanide poisoning by ingestion or inhalation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:517-27. van Oijen MG, Laheij RJ, Peters WH, et al. Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women. Etgen, T., Sander, D., Bickel, H., and Forstl, H. Mild cognitive impairment and dementia: the importance of modifiable risk factors. Treatment of mild hyperhomocysteinemia in renal transplant recipients versus hemodialysis patients. J.Lab Clin.Med. View abstract. View abstract. In fact, one of the most common early signs of vitamin B12 deficiency is fatigue or lack of energy (2). 1997;38(6):429-431. Chasan-Taber, L., Selhub, J., Rosenberg, I. H., Malinow, M. R., Terry, P., Tishler, P. V., Willett, W., Hennekens, C. H., and Stampfer, M. J. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. Duthie SJ, Whalley LJ, Collins AR, et al. View abstract. Ajayi, O. Clin.Chem.Lab Med 2007;45(12):1621-1632. Southeast Asian J.Trop.Med.Public Health 1980;11(1):97-103. Effect of oral vitamin B-12 with or without folic acid on cognitive function in older people with mild vitamin B-12 deficiency: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Am.J Clin.Nutr 2011;94(1):348S-358S. Homocysteine, folate, methylation, and monoamine metabolism in depression. 1978;190(2):163-167. A., Ebbing, M., Bonaa, K. H., Nygard, O., Ueland, P. M., Grau, M. V., Baron, J. Lancet 11-27-1993;342(8883):1325-1328. View abstract. Due to this larger and irregular shape, the red blood cells are unable to move from the bone marrow into the bloodstream at an appropriate rate, causing megaloblastic anemia (3). Clin Biochem 2007;40(9-10):604-608. Rich sources include beef, liver, clams, poultry, fish, fortified cereals, eggs, cheese, yogurt, milk, and fortified plant milks (like soy, almond, or rice milks). Eussen, S. J., de Groot, L. C., Joosten, L. W., Bloo, R. J., Clarke, R., Ueland, P. M., Schneede, J., Blom, H. J., Hoefnagels, W. H., and van Staveren, W. A. Should I take one? Effects of maternal vitamin B12 supplementation on early infant neurocognitive outcomes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. View abstract. Effect in pregnant subjects of varying amounts of added folic acid. Effects of 2-year vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation in hyperhomocysteinemic elderly on arterial stiffness and cardiovascular outcomes within the B-PROOF trial. View abstract. Vitamin B12 shots can only be given by a healthcare provider. N Engl J Med 2000;342:981. Am.J Clin.Nutr 2005;82(6):1320-1326. Effects of vitamin therapy on progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with homocyst(e)ine levels above and below 14 micromol/L. Relationship of vitamin B12 and folic acid to memory function. View abstract. Ann Intern Med 1994;120:211-5. *. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012;104(20):1562-75. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013;14(11):6249-56. Macular degeneration is an eye disease that mainly affects your central vision (13). Some experts claim that vitamin B12 injections can help with energy levels, brain function and weight loss. View abstract. Dimopoulos, N., Piperi, C., Salonicioti, A., Psarra, V., Gazi, F., Papadimitriou, A., Lea, R. W., and Kalofoutis, A. View abstract. Acta Med Scand 1972;191:355-7. Megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 malabsorption associated with longterm metformin treatment. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Summary Vitamin B refers to not one, but eight different vitamins. Enteral Vitamin B12 Supplementation Is Effective for Improving Anemia in Patients Who Underwent Total Gastrectomy. Yeo, A. S., Schiff, M. A., Montoya, G., Masuk, M., van Asselt-King, L., and Becker, T. M. Serum micronutrients and cervical dysplasia in Southwestern American Indian women. View abstract. However, research does not currently support the claim that vitamin B12 reduces this risk. View abstract. 1985;39(2):117-129. Fleming, A. F., Martin, J. D., Hahnel, R., and Westlake, A. J. Taking vitamin B12 by. 2011;30(3):297-302. Int.J.Geriatr.Psychiatry 2012;27(6):592-600. Panth, M., Shatrugna, V., Yasodhara, P., and Sivakumar, B. View abstract. Summary B12 is an important nutrient that is essential for red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and many other vital processes. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. Markun S, Gravestock I, Jger L, Rosemann T, Pichierri G, Burgstaller JM. 2017;25(1):195-204. 9th ed. Results of a 2-year vitamin B treatment on cognitive performance: secondary data from an RCT. Taking vitamin B12 by mouth, alone or with folic acid and vitamin B6, doesn't seem to improve mental function in elderly people. Epidemiology 1990;1(1):8-15. Mayer G, Kroger M, Meier-Ewert K. Effects of vitamin B12 on performance and circadian rhythm in normal subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. A., Siddique, A., and Sulimani, R. Effects of methylcobalamin on diabetic neuropathy. View abstract. Pediatrics 1979;64(3):333-335. Lonn E, Yusuf S, Dzavik V, et al. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. View abstract. Homocysteine lowering effect of different multivitamin preparations in patients with end-stage renal disease. View abstract. Settlement Reached for Health Claim Relating B Vitamins and Vascular Disease. Drug Facts and Comparisons. Br J Nutr 1970;24(3):689-694. VanEenwyk, J., Davis, F. G., and Colman, N. Folate, vitamin C, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Bostom A, Shemin D, Gohh R, et al. Results of a non-interventional post-marketing surveillance study]. Older men and women efficiently absorb vitamin B-12 from milk and fortified bread. 2021;147(1):9-15. J Clin.Invest 11-1-1996;98(9):2174-2183. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:812-6. View abstract. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001;15:484-5.. View abstract. Bone 2005;36(4):721-726. View abstract. N Engl.J Med 7-24-1997;337(4):230-236. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc.Dis 2000;10(6):323-330. Haker, E. and Lundeberg, T. Acupuncture treatment in epicondylalgia: a comparative study of two acupuncture techniques. Lacombe V, Chabrun F, Lacout C, et al. View abstract. Line DH, Seitanidis B, Morgan JO, Hoffbrand AV. Contraception 1991;44:277-88. View abstract. Zanus C, Alberini E, Costa P, et al. Effect of Vitamin B12 Injection on the Vocal Performance of Professional Singers: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial. Safety of hydroxocobalamin in healthy volunteers in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am.J Clin.Nutr 1975;28(5):465-470. Effects of a high-dose concentrate of n-3 fatty acids or corn oil introduced early after an acute myocardial infarction on serum triacylglycerol and HDL cholesterol. While megadoses of up to 2,000 mcg are considered safe in treating B12 deficiency, its always best to avoid excessive amounts of any vitamin, especially when its not needed. Int J Vitam.Nutr Res. Racial differences in prevalence of cobalamin and folate deficiencies in disabled elderly women. Am.J Clin.Nutr 1990;51(4):649-655. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. Sun, Y., Lai, M. S., and Lu, C. J. Prehosp.Disaster.Med. Effect of ranitidine on secretion of gastric intrinsic factor and absorption of vitamin B12. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. This can be a sign that you're dealing with a vitamin B12 deficiency. Int J Vitam.Nutr Res. van Dijk SC, Enneman AW, Swart KM, et al. For healthy individuals who are not at risk for B12 deficiency, eating a well-rounded, nutrient-rich diet should provide all the B12 their body needs. View abstract. Jansen RJ, Robinson DP, Frank RD, et al. Am J Med 2001;110:536-42. Clin Trials J 1986;23:130-140. Meat.Sci 2010;84(2):308-313. View abstract. A doctor may recommend vitamin B12 shots for people who are at risk of a deficiency or its complications. Eggs. Vitamin B12 is important for the brain and nerves, and for the production of red blood cells. Int J Cardiol 2013;168(3):2310-4. View abstract. Injecting vitamin B12 as a shot for 10 days followed by monthly injections is effective for treating this condition. Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine in depression: the Rotterdam Study. Christen WG, Glynn RJ, Chew EY, et al. View abstract. Woodside, J. V., Young, I. S., Yarnell, J. W., McMaster, D., and Evans, A. E. The effects of oral vitamin supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors. View abstract. Kral, V. A., Solyom, L., Enesco, H., and Ledwidge, B. Emerg.Med.Australas. With 3000 mcg per serving, these B12 gummies also help reduce fatigue for those low in B12. Malinow, M. R., Duell, P. B., Hess, D. L., Anderson, P. H., Kruger, W. D., Phillipson, B. E., Gluckman, R. A., Block, P. C., and Upson, B. M. Reduction of plasma homocyst(e)ine levels by breakfast cereal fortified with folic acid in patients with coronary heart disease.