For all PLC courses, new modules will be released on a regular, weekly schedule. The spread of true and false news online. 36073618). Learn 100% online through modules, case studies, and structured group activities developed by Harvard faculty. All course materials will be provided each week, in the form of PDFs, links, and videos. Its worth noting that the tipline, public group, and fact-check content we studied were drawn from a specific period of time around a large political event (the 2019 Indian general election). Learners who have earned the Public Leadership Credential may apply to theMid-Career Master in Public Administration (MC/MPA). The per-cluster average of tipline messages matching to the public group data is 91%. We identified the timestamp when an item was first shared on the tipline and counted the number of shares of the item on the public groups before and after this timestamp. The credential gives learners a better understanding of the nexus of policy, ethics, and leadership, equipping them to become effective public changemakers. On WhatsApp, rumours, and lynchings. Delivered fully online, the Public Leadership Credential program equips learners around the world with the skills and knowledge they need to tackle some of today's biggest challenges, advance . The Extension School, which has served students ages 18 to 89, awards more than 8,000 degrees and 1,000 certificates each year. A pair of students study in the library during finals in 1997. Can I use Tuition Assistance and the Executive Certificate discount on my 3rd program? However, each new course week officially begins on Tuesday at 9 AM ET, with weekly assignment deadlines the following Tuesday at 5 PM ET. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2158, Hassan, N., Li, Chengkai, & Tremayne, M. (2015). WWW 19: The World Wide Web Conference (pp. Fact-checking and mental health. We also collected fact checks and social media data from the time period in English and Hindi. Similar trends also exist for URLs (Figure 3, green and red lines). The 12-credit curriculum is flexible, to encourage you to takecoursesthat align with your professional goals. This work was funded by the Omidyar Network with additional support from Sida, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the Volkswagen Foundation. PLC learners have three years from the start date of their first course to successfully complete all six courses and the capstone assessment. For each cluster, we picked four randomly sampled images and created a mosaic of the 20 clusters. Catherine Neill, a seasoned Urban Planner, talks about how the comprehensive effect of her PLC experience changed the trajectory of her life. It claims that three blue tick marks indicate the government had observed the message.10https://archive.is/BWsqR There were two clusters with different variants of this claim totaling 78 unique messages and 1,000 submissions across Malayalam and English. Each program has its own program director, program fee, and admission requirements; you will need to successfully submit a new application for each program. Courses purchased through Open Enrollment are not eligible forrefund. Further details are at, Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics, and Public Policy, https://web.archive.org/web/20211130214745/https://faq.whatsapp.com/general/ifcn-fact-checking-organizations-on-whatsapp/?lang=en, https://faq.whatsapp.com/kaios/chats/how-to-create-a-group/?lang=en, https://faq.whatsapp.com/general/chats/about-forwarding-limits/?lang=en, https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/7274, https://www.epw.in/journal/2019/6/insight/whatsapp-rumours-and-lynchings.html, https://thewire.in/tech/facebook-undermines-privacy-protections-whatsapp-users, https://doi.org/10.15655/mw/2018/v9i1/49279, https://doi.org/10.1109/TBDATA.2019.2921572, https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.347, https://meedan.com/blog/fact-checking-and-mental-health/, https://livemint.com/Technology/O6DLmIibCCV5luEG9XuJWL/How-widespread-is-WhatsApps-usage-in-India.html, https://techcrunch.com/2019/04/02/whatsapp-adds-a-tip-line-for-checking-fakes-in-india-ahead-of-elections/, https://web.archive.org/web/20211129201556/https://maldita.es/uploads/public/docs/disinformation_on_whatsapp_ff.pdf, https://meedan.com/blog/one-of-year-of-running-the-end-end-to-fact-checking-project/, https://meedan.com/blog/fact-champ-launch/, https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/3271, http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osnem.2020.100104, https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/netsys/datasets/share-chat/, UNESCO Declare Indias Jana Gana Mana the Worlds Best National Anthem. The same threshold was used previously by Reis et al. Learners in the PLC may enroll in more than one course at a time via our online registration system. Strategic Fundraising for Nonprofit Leaders is an intensive one-week executive program that provides a deeper understanding of the art and science of fundraising. The 12-credit curriculum is flexible, to encourage you to take courses that align with your professional goals. Please contact the Program Director for your program directly for more details. 2+ to 4 weeks. Rather, only the sender and recipients have access to the contentunless it is flagged by a receiving user (Elkind et al., 2021). HESrequiresthatadmitted students complete at least three courses (12 credits) in person. Black Family Fellowship In order to be eligible for this path you must: The PLC also provideseligibility to apply for a special pathway toHarvardExtensionSchoolsMaster of Liberal Artsin Extension Studies (Field:Government). Your Harvard Kennedy School Executive Certificate is a significant enhancement to your rsum that recognizes your successful completion of multiple executive programs within a particular concentration area. For this paper, images with a Hamming distance of less than 31 were considered to be similar. All payments must be madethrough ourregistration system. We suspect this is because fact-checking organizations typically fact-check content primarily based on signals from open social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter, whereas the tipline is a crowdsourced collection of content native to WhatsApp. Join Harvard Kennedy School faculty and former Pentagon Chief of Staff Eric Rosenbach to learn how to develop strategies for public leadership success. Our data predates the introduction of the frequently-forwarded flag on WhatsApp, but a report from Spanish fact-checking organization Maldita.es suggests this flag can be very useful for prioritizing content from WhatsApp tiplines (Maldita.es, 2021). You can reset your password at any time by following the Forgot Your Password? link on the login page. Duration. Kazemi et al. Louis and Gabrielle Bacon Fellowship For students dedicated to preserving and enhancing our shared environment. Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (pp. Most of your weekly work for PLC courses will be self-paced and asynchronous, meaning there are no formal class times. The research team at Meedan operates independently: the research questions, approach, and methods used in this article were decided by the authors alone. Harvard Kennedy School educates public leaders and generates the ideas that this moment in history demands. Kazemi, A., Garimella, K., Shahi, G. K., Gaffney, D., & Hale, S. A. Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review, 1(5). Cambridge, MA 02138, Copyright 2023 The President and Fellows of, Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, Taubman Center for State and Local Government, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_FIhC4-WNmkkyRzkOTZOAw. Each new course week officially begins on Tuesday morning at 9 AM ET and closes the following Tuesday at 9 AM EST. Meedan is a technology non-profit that develops open-source software that fact-checking organizations use to operate misinformation tiplines on WhatsApp and other platforms. Lab Task 1 on check-worthiness estimation in tweets and political debates. https://doi.org/10.15655/mw/2018/v9i1/49279, Garimella, K., & Eckles, D. (2020). Popular content on non-encrypted social media platforms often spreads quickly through large broadcast events (Bright, 2016; Goel et al., 2015); such broadcast events may be rarer on WhatsApp, however, due to the limits on message forwarding and the size of groups.7At the time of writing, WhatsApp limits groups to a maximum of 256 people and allows messages to be forwarded to a maximum of five groups at once. Next, we clustered these embeddings using a k-means clustering algorithm and chose k = 20 using the elbow method. (2016). An on campus executive program to explore how policy and technology, together, can address critical threats of the cyber world. ), History of Science Experience . The Age of the Internet: A New Generation of Harvard Students Plugs In We found many text messages and images submitted to the tipline did not appear in the public groups, which suggests tiplines also capture content being distributed in WhatsApp in smaller-group or person-to-person settings. Economic & Political Weekly, 54(6), 3035. To participate in these courses, learners will need to have access to computer hardware and a stable internet connection. Shahi, G. K. (2020). How do I reference my Executive Certificate on my rsum /CV or LinkedIn profile? We have no information about the submitting users beyond anonymous ids. Most of your weekly work will be self-paced and asynchronous, with the exception of a required virtual live meeting with peers over the weekend. Happened today on 47 street (Diamond Market) New York $100,000 given away in ref to Modi victory .. see how this millionaire Indian is doing .. Coal India is on the verge of ruin! The course site and its materials are designed to be accessed via a desktop or laptop computer. TechCruch. During the three months of data collection, every day, we obtained the popular hashtags related to politics and obtained all the posts containing those hashtags. Each cluster represents a group of text messages with nearly the same meaning. Learners should expect to spend on average 10 to 12 hours per week on online and offline activities and assignments, including a required weekly virtual meeting with an assigned small group of other enrolled students. Each of these three images was submitted by at least 60 unique users. Yes, you can earn multiple Executive Certificates by completing three unique programs in more than one concentration area. Because of the nature of the learning experience, learners must fully participate in each of the six weeks of the course and submit work by the weekly deadlines. Nakov et al. Yes. Where can I find more information about the Executive Certificate, including eligible programs, program fees, and application deadlines? HKS does not provide financial aid, scholarships, discounts, or payment plans for PLC courses at this time. To construct the visual summary of the images shown in Figure 8, we first obtained a 1,000-dimensional embedding for each image using a pretrained ResNeXt model (Xie et al., 2017). Our mission is to improve public policy and public leadership across the United States and around the world so that people can achieve safer, freer, and more prosperous lives. Images and misinformation in political groups: Evidence from WhatsApp in India. Whatever your goals for change in your community, our academic team will help you channel your passions into the practical skills you need to make an immediate positive impact. Tiplines, like systems for content moderation, must prioritize fact checkers mental health (Lo, 2020). Proceedings of the Fourteenth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM 2020), 14, 211. Each week, learners will engage inboth asynchronous individual work (with weekly deadlines) anda required virtual live meetingwith a small group of peers over the weekend. ThePublic Leadership Credential does not offer academic credit for its courses, and therefore learners enrolled in the program are not issued 1098-T forms. The program helped me to apply theory and adaptive leadership to real community projects. There was an advertising campaign on Facebook, but no specific call to action was present in WhatsApp itself. As we discuss in the findings, it is necessary to filter spam and other low-quality submissions. Learners may not retake a course more than once. At this time, we do not accept alternative forms of payment, such ascash or check. It extends a warm invitation to spouses, allowing them to attend classes and engage in activities they choose entirely free of charge (even though they would not get a certificate or credit hours for their attendance). it created on his career. Association for Computational Linguistics. Further details are at https://faq.whatsapp.com/kaios/chats/how-to-create-a-group/?lang=en and https://faq.whatsapp.com/general/chats/about-forwarding-limits/?lang=en. FACT CHAMP: New project to increase collaboration between fact-checkers, academics, and community leaders to counter misinformation online. It took an average of 5 hours (SD = 1.4) for half of the total number of submissions in each of the clusters with claims to arrive to the tipline. They have at least five years of work experience. Extreme life circumstances include, but are not limited to: Yes. Learners can expect to spend on average 10-12 hours per week on course work. Program participants earn the Public Leadership Credential after the successful completion of all six PLC courses andthe capstone assessment. Several always-on WhatsApp misinformation tiplines were launched in December 2019, and the number has grown since. In total, there were 9,604 submissions to the tipline comprised of 2,536 unique messages annotated as containing fact-checkable claims (i.e., 7,068 submissions within the set are exact duplicates). Applicants who apply to more than four programs in one year will receive a more stringent level of review. Awarded an Executive Certificate in {Concentration Area} for completion of [Insert Program Name] Program, [Insert Program Month/Year], [Insert Program Name] Program, [Insert Program Month/Year], [Insert Program Name] Program, [Insert Program Month/Year], John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, Executive Education. -Gil Zafra, PLC Learner. The fact checks were of content from various social media platforms, including Twitter. The results show tiplines have good coverage of popular content: 67% of the images shared more than 100 times in the public groups were also submitted to the tipline. All three of these images were fact-checked and found to be false. Further, due to high demand, HKS strives to ensure that there is space available to as many first-time participants as possible. Only 10% (12/119) of textual content from popular clusters in public groups (shared more than 100 times) matched with at least one text (claim or fact-checked tweet) from Indian fact-checks during this period. A Glimpse into the Enchanting World of Harvard Kennedy School Through Of the 88,662 text messages sent to the tipline, 37,823 are unique (not exact duplicates). Leadership and Character in Uncertain Times is a five-week online program that offers an opportunity to learn how to lead in times of conflict and disagreement. There are currently over 400 million active WhatsApp users in India. Overall, we found 18,174 fact-check articles in 49 languages from 136 fact checkers from all over the globe. Characterising user content on a multi-lingual social network. Meet the 2022-23 fellows! This free webinar from HKS professor Todd Rogers is his take on the five principles for effective communication and how to implement them in your writing. We analyzed submissions qualitatively to identify those with a claim that could be fact-checked, but there are several machine-learning approaches in development for this task (e.g., Hassan et al., 2015; Shaar et al., 2021). Delivered fully online, the Public Leadership Credential program equips learners around the world with the skills and knowledge they need to tackle some of today's biggest challenges, advance the public good, and make an immediate impact in their communities. This likely reflects both the socio-linguistic characteristics of India as well as the fact that the tipline was most heavily advertised in Hindi and English. This suggests that if we had included clusters with fewer than five unique messages, we may have seen additional matches. Executive Certificate Frequently Asked Questions | Harvard Kennedy School There is currently no easy way to discover potentially problematic content on WhatsApp and other end-to-end encrypted platforms at scale. This period lasts up to (but not longer than) one week. The Public Policy Leadership Conference (PPLC) inspires talented and drivenundergraduate studentsto pursue careers in public policy and becomeleaders in: During the PPLC, students will have the chance to learn about what it means to study public policy in a graduate school environment; connect with current Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) students, faculty, and staff; and receiveinformation about possiblefellowship and scholarship opportunitiesthat could help fund their HKS graduate studies. Digital Threats: Research and Practice, 2(2). The Public Leadership Credential (PLC) not only gives you tangible strategies you can implement immediately,butitalso provides a potential pathway to the HarvardKennedy SchoolMid-CareerMasters Degreein Public Administration(MC/MPA). Figure 1 shows the time difference between an image being shared on a public group and the tipline. infrastructure, social issues, economic growth) in policy implementation.The broad spectrum of professional backgrounds and perspectives of participants will help shape the learning process. We encourage researchers to support civil society organizations running these tiplines, as they represent a valuable way to better understand the dynamics of misinformation on such end-to-end encrypted platforms. No, our courses take place 100% online and are available to participants regardless of their location. Courses for which no academic credit is offered, even if the student is otherwise enrolled in a degree program; Nonresident alien students, unless requested by the student; Students whose qualified tuition and related expenses are entirely waived or paid entirely with scholarships; and, Students for whom you do not maintain a separate financial account and whose qualified tuition and relatedexpenses are covered by a formal billing arrangement between an institution and the students employer or agovernmental entity, such as the Department of Veterans Affairs or the Department of Defense.". Finding 3: Tiplines capture diverse content, and a large percentage of this content contains claims that can be fact-checked. To select fact checks concerning the Indian general election, we filtered the data to require that either the fact check be written in an Indian language or the fact-checking domain be within Indias country code top-level domain. A list of most frequent domains is presented in Table 2. Although the volume of messages sent to the tipline is only 10% the volume of messages in the public groups, our analysis shows that tiplines can effectively help discover the most viral content being shared in the public groups. Overall, our findings suggest tiplines can be an effective source for discovering potentially misleading content. . http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.332, Shaar, S., Hasanain, M., Hamdan, B., Ali, Z.S., Haouari, F., Nikolov, A., Kutlu, M., Kartal, Y.S., Alam, F., Da San Martino, G., Barrn-Cedeo, A., Mguez, R., Beltrn, J., Elsayed, T., & Nakov, P., (2021). Disinformation on WhatsApp: Maldita.es chatbot and the frequently forwarded attribute. Explore the worlds top executive programs and make a difference in your career today. Courses are immersions inEvidence for Decisions,Policy Design and Delivery,andLeadership and Ethicswith one A course and one B course per subject area. How do I apply for an Executive Certificate? 45514558). Harvard Extension School. The current model for identifying and fact-checking viral content on WhatsApp is to monitor conversations in a convenience sample of public WhatsApp groups (Garimella & Eckles, 2020; Melo et al., 2019). Figure 7b falsely alleges that Pakistani flags were raised during a political rally, and Figure 7c shows doctored screenshots of a TV news program. A dedicated teaching team and program staff are available as resources to PLC learners throughout their experience. This will involve setup costs and take time to foster dedicated contributors who are willing to forward potentially misleading content to a tipline. How effective are tiplines for identifying potentially misleading content on encrypted social media platforms? Over the course of four months, 157,995 messages were received. About; Search . Whatever your goals for change in your community, job, or industry, the Public Leadership Credential offers a series of courses to help you improve your decision-making, leadership, and policymaking skills. We found that a majority of the viral content spreading on WhatsApp public groups and on ShareChat was shared on the WhatsApp tipline before appearing in the public groups or on ShareChat. Puneet Bhargava, Katie MacDonald, Christie Newton, Hause Lin and Gordon Pennycook. Should a learner choose to retake a course,theywill be expected toresubmit paymentfor that courseat the time of re-enrollment. Learners may not take three courses at a time. Recognition of your PLC experience should be listed on your resume or CV or LinkedIn profile as: Awarded the Public Leadership Credential, [Insert Year], John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. See the upcoming course dates. The Harvard Kennedy School recognizes the vital role played by students' families in their academic journey. However, if we focus on the subset of the top-10% most shared images within the public groups, the distribution looks very different. We are grateful to Meedan colleagues, Pop-Up Newsroom, PROTO, and Prof. Rada Mihalcea for valuable feedback and data access. The request for withdrawal is made prior to the courses orientation start date. Finding 2: Tiplines capture a meaningful percentage of content shared in public groups. Upon enrolling in a PLC course, the learner will be directed to the Canvas Learning Platform, where they can access course content. The tipline received 28,370 URLs (12,674 unique URLs), which contained URLs from 2,781 unique domains. Memo Reviews; Policy Memo Database; Practitioner Insight; Policy Memos "In the News" Resources; HOME / LINKS / Ukraine: The Budapest Memorandum of 1994 . We used a wide range of data sources in this work including WhatsApp tipline data, social media data from WhatsApp public groups and ShareChat, and published fact checks. 79 John F. Kennedy Street Saief Mahmood explains why he Ideal learners are highly motivated individuals who are driven by a desire to serve and are inspired to take action to enact change in countless industries and communities. This suggests slightly slower dynamics than those that have been seen with the signing of petitions (Margetts et al., 2015) and the sharing of news stories on non-encrypted social media (Bright, 2016). Harvard Kennedy School is the global thought leader in public policy and public leadership education. CIMK 15: Proceedings of the 24th ACM International on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (pp. The primary technologies used to deliver the courses are the Canvas learning management system and Zoom web conferencing technology. Next, we checked which text messages from the clusters with claims matched messages found in the public group data. What is the benefit of earning an Executive Certificate? No. In fact, images sent to the tipline have significantly more shares (41 vs. 29) and likes (51 vs. 40) on ShareChat compared to images not sent to the tipline (p < 0.01 for a t-test of means). If this match was above the similarity threshold, then we added the new message to the same cluster as the existing message. Mint. Students who enroll in the MC/MPA program through the PLC pathway must participate in the MC/MPA summer program then can complete their remaining five courses in either the fall or spring term. Learners do retain access to their PLCaccounts. Join Harvard University Professor Raj Chetty in this online course to understand how big data can be used to measure mobility and solve social problems. MLD coursesfocus specifically on: Copyright 2023 The President and Fellows of, Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, Taubman Center for State and Local Government, International & Global Affairs Concentration, Management, Leadership & Decision Sciences Certificate, Management, Leadership, and Decision Sciences (MLD), https://www.facebook.com/harvardkennedyschool/, https://www.linkedin.com/school/harvard-kennedy-school-of-government/, https://www.youtube.com/user/HarvardKennedySchool, http://instagram.com/harvardkennedyschool/, https://www.tiktok.com/@harvardkennedyschool.
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