meantime, you have a reptile that needs care immediately. Association between CASR polymorphisms, calcium intake, and colorectal cancer risk. If UVB is not provided, vitamin D3 supplementation is absolutely required for the animals survival. There is some debate as to whether reptiles are capable of synthesizing vitamin A from beta carotene, but I dont think its fair to apply a statement like that to an entire class, because herbivorous reptiles like tortoises and uromastyx would have to be able to make vitamin A from carotenoids or else die from vitamin A deficiency. The clinical physiology of calcium homeostasis, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin. Follow the manufacturer's guidelines for replacing the UVB light . Calcium sand isn't a good choice of substrate for your leopard gecko. Although its certainly ideal for a reptile food or supplement to be human-grade, being marked as not for human consumption is not really anything to worry about. You need to review the lighting in their habitat and consider supplementation. As for the types of calcium to consume, a thorough search of the literature on calcium studies suggested that dietary calcium is more beneficial for health than calcium supplements and that it is also easier to absorb. All authors contributed to data analysis, drafting and revising the article, gave final approval of the version to be published, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Kleeman CR, Massry SG, Coburn JW. It is estimated by a meta-analysis (including eleven randomized controlled trials) that calcium supplements have up to 30% increase risk for myocardial infarction.55 It was noteworthy that men or women aged >50 years were recommended to take 1,000 mg/d calcium according to the guidelines;56 however, the risk of cardiovascular diseases appears to be particularly increased when those doses are actually used. Straub DA. Good news - reptile UV lights don't emit UVC rays. Details Select delivery location In stock Usually ships within 2 to 3 days. Reptile supplementation is particularly complicated, and to be honest, science doesnt have a concrete answer on dosing for pet reptiles quite yet. The bad point: Eventhough a reptile may be kept with a UVB bulb, its best to still give a calcium with VD3, UNLESS the reptile is kept outdoors in with access to direct sunlight. Primarily, it comes down to two things: Calcium and Vitamin D3. Its hard to overdose vitamin D when adequate UVB is provided, as some experts (I cant quite remember the source right now possibly Dr. Gary Ferguson?) Is it easy to tell how much vitamin or calcium your reptile is getting? Its true that this product is meant as a dressing and appetite stimulant, rather than a true multivitamin supplement. Thank you again! Bostick RM, Kushi LH, Wu Y, Meyer KA, Sellers TA, Folsom AR. All reptiles: Highly cytotoxic and nephrotoxic - give with SC/IC fluids. Terry P, Baron JA, Bergkvist L, Holmberg L, Wolk A. Dietary calcium and vitamin D intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study in women. The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. Toxicity to pets. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium . Warensj E, Byberg L, Melhus H, et al. There were not visible claim on that product about any vitamins content. More studies are needed to examine these effects for making better recommendations in different genders, ages, and ethnicities. Could it do more harm rather than good, particularly taking into consideration the increased risk of other diseases? Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Dietary supplement use among U.S. adults has increased since NHANES III (19881994). Gahche J, Bailey R, Burt V, et al. It is understood snakes need calcium too, in my experience they do not need to have their foods dusted with a calcium supplement. Calcium supplements usually come in tablet or flavored soft-chew formulations and are readily found in many households. Using an unscented supplement powder (for example, Miner-All is berry flavored/scented) is less likely to affect feeder acceptance than using one that has a particular scent. In healthy animals with normal kidney . What is more notable about these adverse effects is that, under the recommended dosage, calcium would produce some unwelcome reactions; therefore, a more detailed consideration of the safety and health benefits of calcium supplementation would be warranted. Example: ReptiFiles.com is the best place to learn about correct reptile husbandry.. Calcium supplementation and cardiovascular risk: A rising concern. https://www.arcadiareptile.com/earthpro/feeding-programme/insectivore/ The baseline EarthPro-A includes only cartenoids, so thats 6 of 8 feedings that get dusted without retinol. This product is ground into a superfine powder which sticks well to any feeder, and comes in two formulas: Indoor (with added D3), and Outdoor (no D3). UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Itraconazole has been used to effectively treat CANV infections in reptiles. The two studies demonstrated that calcium could prevent osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture or improve BMD, but simultaneously also revealed the increase of the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases19 and increase in urine calcium level and subsequently in the risk of urinary calculi.24 The results stimulated our attention to evaluate whether the beneficial role in bone is greater than its side effects. A case-control study in Central Europe. A number of adverse events are possibly influenced by calcium supplementation; these include myocardial infarction, constipation, colorectal neoplasms, and kidney stone. Another prospective cohort study in Europe indicated that a daily administration of a mean of 820 mg dietary calcium has an effect of up to a 30% decrease in the risk of myocardial infarction.35 Similarly, in a prospective cohort study performed exclusively in >34,000 postmenopausal women, both the high intake of dietary and supplemental calcium were associated with a decrease in the mortality of ischemic heart disease.36 It was even observed that adverse cardiovascular effects were stopped after calcium supplements discontinued.19 Findings of these studies are likely to suggest that positive effects between calcium and cardiovascular diseases exist and that there is generally favorable evidence to imply that calcium influences cardiovascular disease occurrence. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ. Hello, repashy says not for human consumption. The purpose of this article was to review the health benefits, costs, and consequences of calcium supplementation on osteoporosis/osteoporotic fractures, cardiovascular events, kidney stones, gastrointestinal diseases, and other important diseases. Previous studies have shown that Salmonella can be spread to humans through contact with pet reptiles and amphibians like turtles, lizards, and frogs. Which reptiles need calcium? 2011 guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in Greece. Michalsson K, Melhus H, Warensj Lemming E, Wolk A, Byberg L. Long term calcium intake and rates of all cause and cardiovascular mortality: community based prospective longitudinal cohort study. Using a calcium supplement with D3, while is seems like a good failsafe, actually risks overdose, since the reptile will be getting D3 from two sources. How much does it cost? Have you heard of calcium to phosphorus ratios? Cheers! Reptile-safe sand; Unfortunately, . The packaging and concept of a salad dressing uses a marketing tactic that is designed to appeal more to human senses rather than the practicality of whether its actually a valuable addition to their reptiles diet. Calcium Polyp Prevention Study Group. Or did you incorporate scientific research and evidence along with your own studies in which supports the article youve written? the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. And last but not least. The most common reptile calcium supplements come in a powdered or liquid form. Harvey NC, Biver E, Kaufman JM, et al. Haghighi A, Samimagham H, Gohardehi G. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and risk of kidney stone formation in postmenopausal women. Would you eat it/use it as a multivitamin? Vitamin deficiencies are not uncommon in reptiles bred in captivity--why Zoo Med developed this Repti Calcium Supplement. 5. Its best to just gutload your feeders well and dust them with calcium at each feeding. Favus MJ. Tankeu AT, Ndip Agbor V, Noubiap JJ. Further research is needed to clarify this, with respect to dietary intake, ethnicity, race, age, and gender. It has been well established that calcium intake is helpful in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, which has become one of the most serious public health problems across the world. Because liquid calcium supplements are a unique and effective way to provide your beardie with the best possible nutrition, this supplement may be the best option for you. Therefore, further experimental studies are necessary to decipher the mechanisms of the calcium intake affecting those diseases. If you want to incorporate UVB into your leopard geckos enclosure, that would be the best way to make sure it gets all of the D3 that its body needs oral supplementation will never equal the effectiveness of homemade vitamin D. Then you could step down to Calcium Plus NoD, or LoD if you want to be careful. Ultraviolet C The UVC is present in sun rays and is harmful to both reptiles and humans. A Spanish study demonstrated a high prevalence of low calcium intake and vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.22 Further studies are needed to determine whether higher dose of calcium supplementation would be beneficial in this patient population. As calcium is one of the constituents of bone, the majority of researches considered that high calcium intake may result in higher bone density.1 According to the current status of our knowledge and understanding, improving accrual of peak bone mass and slowing the loss of bone after reaching the peak are two key factors in the prevention of osteoporosis. I am just curious on the resources that you used. Placing a live rodent in your reptile's cage/tank has the potential to physically harm your pet. Itraconazole can cause rapid hepatotoxic effects including liver failure and death in humans, and its use is contraindicated in patients with hepatic insufficiency. Should we prescribe calcium supplements for osteoporosis prevention? A prospective cohort study examining the associations of dietary calcium intake with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older Chinese community-dwelling people. However, because reptiles have different Witteman JC, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, et al. . An official website of the United States government. What is ReptiFiles? Swaim RA, Barner JC, Brown CM. There is evidence suggesting that cardiovascular disease might be protected by calcium supplementation. Third, different populations and sample sizes may affect the results of studies. If your beardie experiences mild calcium deficiency, they start getting weak front or back legs. The formation of urinary calcium oxalate stones is probably related to abnormal oxalate metabolism.52 Of note, people lacking adequate calcium intake should carefully consider the intake of oxalate-rich foods, such as spinach, chocolates, and teas.53 While studies indicate the potential beneficial effects of dietary calcium intake on the reduction of the risk of kidney stones, individuals who consumed any amount of supplemental calcium had an increased risk for kidney stones compared with individuals who did not consume supplemental calcium.50 A study performed in 53 postmenopausal women with 1,000 mg/d calcium (with 400 IU/d vitamin D) for 1 year showed a weak relationship with kidney stones formation; only one patient with urinary calculi was proved by ultrasonography. As leading proponents of UVB lighting, I have to assume Arcadia is expecting its customers reptiles are getting UVB and getting the D3 supplement every eighth feeding. Li K, Kaaks R, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S. Associations of dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation with myocardial infarction and stroke risk and overall cardiovascular mortality in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC-Heidelberg). Xiao Q, Murphy RA, Houston DK, Harris TB, Chow WH, Park Y. Dietary and supplemental calcium intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: the National Institutes of Health-AARP diet and health study. However, the small sample size and short clinical trial duration may contribute to lack of significant findings in this study.65 Nonetheless, a study conducted in 2006, including 36,282 postmenopausal women aged 5070 years followed up for an average of 7 years, receiving either 1,000 mg/d elemental calcium or placebo, found a 17% increased risk of developing kidney stones, with 449 women reporting kidney stones in the calcium with vitamin D group vs 381 women in the placebo group.24 Normally, stone formation in a normal kidney is relatively rare and is probably due to a combination of factors, such as health condition, urinary acidity, dietary habit, and variation in intake of calcium supplements (calcium oxalate, calcium citrate, and calcium carbonates). A study indicated that the risk of myocardial infarction remarkably increased by taking calcium supplements compared with nonusers of any supplements (HR =1.86, 95% CI =1.172.96).35 The finding of an adverse trend in cardiovascular diseases with calcium supplementation is not necessarily surprising, as calcium supplements potentially contribute to elevated serum calcium levels and possibly accelerated cardiovascular calcification in the long run,59 which is predictive of cardiovascular event rates.60 Because of the high incidence of cardiovascular disease, any effects of calcium supplements on vascular health could be as important in terms of their effects on morbidity and mortality as their effects on osteoporosis or bone health.61 As these adverse effects are confirmed, a comprehensive reappraisal of taking calcium supplements may be required. Islam MZ, Shamim AA, Viljakainen HT, et al. Buppasiri P, Lumbiganon P, Thinkhamrop J, Ngamjarus C, Laopaiboon M. Calcium supplementation (other than for preventing or treating hypertension) for improving pregnancy and infant outcomes. If you provide your reptile/amphibian with uvb, should you supplement with calcium with d3? Effect of vitamin D, calcium and multiple micronutrient supplementation on vitamin D and bone status in Bangladeshi premenopausal garment factory workers with hypovitaminosis D: a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled 1-year intervention. Moreover, a total of 1,460 postmenopausal women were randomized to taking calcium or a placebo and followed over 5 years, and the HR was found to be 1.12 for incident ischemic heart disease (95% CI =0.771.64).53 These surprising findings from the large related studies provide a stimulus for evaluating the effects of calcium on some disease events in other trials, which we describe below. Thanks again. Interestingly, some studies illustrated that calcium supplementation played a protective role for bone health, improving bone mass density (BMD) and decreasing morbidity of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in different genders and age-groups.18 For children or adults, best evidence (grade A) is available for positive effects of calcium intake on the prevention of osteoporosis according to the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF).16 In addition, the administration of calcium was also shown to stave off fracture.19 Radford et al investigated the effects of calcium on fracture incidence and BMD after calcium supplement discontinuation; they concluded that the fractures in forearm and vertebrae were significantly decreased, but the positive benefits on BMD observed in the original trial did not persist when the calcium supplementation was discontinued.19 Taking all the evidence into account, these studies all suggested that calcium supplementation, either in the form of calcium supplements or dietary calcium, played a positive role in people of different ages and genders, even though those results were obtained from studies of different sample sizes. The best sand to use is reptile sound with no added calcium or dyes. Thank you for the informative article. Although Nature Zone Reptile Salad Dressing technically meets the claims advertised on its label, the sheer quantity of fillers, preservatives, artificial flavors, and sugar present in this product make it worthless as a reptile supplement. Calcium supplementation is not required for whole prey items and high-calcium invertebrates (although it can be helpful to dust some calcium and multivitamin powder on rodents every once in a while for snakes). It is always tempting to feed an animal more and more If I remember correctly, this article at its time of writing was primarily written off the top of my head, as you put it, not consulting many sources aside from product labels and manufacturer websites. Furthermore, this study also suggested that a minimum dose of 1,200 mg/d calcium with 800 IU/d vitamin D was the best treatment for osteoporosis.21 Most studies involving postmenopausal women did not conduct data stratification to address whether calcium supplementation had similar or different effects in those women with or without osteoporosis. Do you have any concerns about using Arcadias Shadedweller UVB and EarthPro cycle of supplements with a leopard gecko? The eighth feeding would get RevitaliseD3 with some retinol; but, as the name suggests, it also includes D3. Pertaining to calcium supplements with extraordinarily high levels of vitamin D3 these are likely to be best used with reptiles that are recovering from metabolic bone disease (MBD). They're safe, low-maintenance, and affordable. It is well established that calcium is an extremely important and integrative component of human body, with 99% of the bodys calcium being contained within the skeleton.9 Plasma calcium homeostasis plays a vital role in maintaining human life activities, such as maintenance of the skeleton, regulation of hormonal secretion, transmission of nerve impulses, and vascular activities.1012 As shown in Figure 1, dietary calcium is absorbed mainly in the small intestine. Notes: Dietary calcium is absorbed mainly in the small intestine and mostly deposited into bones. Based the literature, calcium supplementation is a double-edged sword in promoting bone formation or preventing osteoporosis, as it also may have a potential negative impact. When dogs ingest these supplements in large amounts, vomiting and diarrhea or constipation are common, with potential for transiently elevated calcium blood levels. Calcium supplements are various forms of calcium used to treat or prevent low calcium blood levels ( hypocalcemia) in many species. About the.sugar. It may not be the worst thing on the reptile supply market, but compared to other multivitamin options, its far from the best. Tang BM, Eslick GD, Nowson C, Smith C, Bensoussan A. Supplements with a higher concentration are best for reptiles that are not receiving UVB at all. Makras P, Vaiopoulos G, Lyritis GP. A calcium block (cuttlebone) may be beneficial as an additional source of calcium. Should i be worried about this? Dangerous item, Many people use this product thinking that it is safe, this video proves that this sound isn't safeThe best sand to use is reptile sound with no added calcium or dyes. Vitamin D3 is usually included in supplements because it aids in . suggest that UVB may play a role in breaking down excess vitamin D in the body. The bearded dragon diet varies from hatchlings, through to adults. Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney stones in women. What I like about Repashys calcium and multivitamin powders is that they offer different levels of vitamin D3 supplementation to meet different reptiles needs. Calcium is an important integrative component of the human body and critical for human health. Taylor EN, Curhan GC. So its best to do VD3 even if you are providing the light, unless you are keep records of when you changed the bulbs and take readings of the uvb output. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. My name is Mariah Healey, professional reptile husbandry specialist and consultant. Qty: 1 Buy Now Payment Secure transaction Ships from Petco Sold by Petco Snakes Dust feeders with a calcium + D3 powder at every other feeding, especially if you arent using UVB. There are several food items commonly fed to captive reptiles that can cause the calcium- phosphorus ratio to fall outside the safe 1:1 to 2:1 range, which are following: i. However you have brought up a valid concern, and I will be adjusting the article to add a bit of education about using UVB correctly, as according to John Courteney-Smiths, The Arcadia Guide to Reptile & Amphibian Nutrition, sunlight is part of the available nutrition in a reptiles environment. Feeding your reptile live animals can be dangerous for many reasons: Bacteria are common in live meat particularly in the bodies of rodents. Calcium supplementation in clinical practice: a review of forms, doses, and indications. Correspondence: Hong-Wen Deng, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA, Tel +1 504 988 1310, Fax +1 504 988 1706, Email, The full terms of this license are available at, calcium, osteoporosis, osteoporotic fractures, cardiovascular diseases, kidney stones, gastrointestinal diseases. Calcium kidney stones. Bone meal has also been used as a calcium source; however, the effects are similar when compared to the manufactured . Good points where made. Thanks. The balance of vitamins and everything else seems to be OK in the ingredients, i was thinking of just taking rapashy calcium noD, and mixng it with the calcium plus 1:1, so i have a like a 23% calcium powder with 20,000 IU/kg D3 that still contains a decent amount of vitamin A, E. I have previously been using a 1:1 ratio of Osteoform and Vionate which despite seeming to have the right balance of vitamins, calcium, and D3, both contain phosphorous! Drozd M, Cubbon R, Gierula J, et al. Hi Quinn, Im sorry youve had to experience so much confusion. In order to properly metabolize (or digest) the phosphorus from meal, a reptile needs to have enough calcium in its system twice as much, to be exact. Some provide fairly little, while others provide A LOT: ReptiFiles recommends supplements with less than 23,000 IU/kg of vitamin D3 for regular use with reptiles that already receive UVB, as this quantity seems most likely to prevent overdose while helping fill in any nutritional gaps that occur. Calcium may slightly adjust lipid profiles and reduce blood pressure and more importantly the risk of developing hypertension.37,38 In prospective studies, the risks for developing hypertension were reduced with calcium supplements in men and women.39,40 In addition, preeclampsia is characterized by hypertension and would lead to perinatal morbidity and mortality of both mothers and infants.41 In 2013, the World Health Organization published a strong recommendation that pregnant women should take calcium supplements to prevent preeclampsia.42 A randomized controlled trial in women suggested that calcium supplementation >1,000 mg/d is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of preeclampsia.43, The effect of dietary calcium intake on the colorectal cancer and a comparison with the effect of higher and lower level of dietary calcium have been investigated by Galas et al.44 They concluded that an increase of 100 mg dietary calcium intake per day lowered by 5% the risk of colorectal cancer (OR =0.95, 95% CI =0.920.99), and an increase of 1,000 mg/d dietary calcium consumption decreased incidence by 37% of colorectal cancer and the risk of colon cancer by 50%. When there isnt enough calcium for the reptiles body to properly process phosphorus, it will steal calcium from bones and other stores. Questions remain as to whether taking extra calcium as calcium supplements is helpful to the general population. Booth A, Camacho P. A Closer look at calcium absorption and the benefits and risks of dietary versus supplemental calcium. Hi Scott, Im not sure where you got the 40,000 IU/kg number from, but standard Repashy Calcium Plus contains just 20,000 IU/kg and has been safely used with leopard geckos for quite some time now, even without UVB. Phosphorus reduces the benefit of the calcium and should be avoided at all costs. Available in delicious strawberry flavor for Bearded Dragons, cantaloupe flavor for Tortoises and musk melon flavor for Iguanas. Effect of calcium supplementation in pregnancy on maternal bone outcomes in women with a low calcium intake. Does UV Radiation From Reptile UV Lights Cause Cancer In Humans? Although most studies indicate that calcium supplementation has a beneficial effect on osteoporosis and fractures, this statement is not confirmed by some other researches. If youre not using UVB, then your reptile isntmaking their own D3 and needs supplementation. His primary diet is dog food so Im going to follow your advice. Do you know what level of d3 should be used for leopard geckos? Last, there are still some unknown mechanisms affecting the results. It may be an adequate source of calcium, but calcium should be dusted on insects to balance. Related Topics . In the reported studies, sample sizes vary from several hundreds to several thousands. There is an abundance of data for beneficial effects and side effects in the literature on the role of calcium. Warning: Calcium powders can be derived from a variety of sources, including limestone, mineral-rich clay, oyster shells, and lab-created calcium carbonate. However, there are many *far* better multivitamins on the market, and the fact that its advertised to contain vitamins means that it preys on ignorant reptile owners who likely dont know how to choose a good human multivitamin for themselves, much less for their pet, and are likely to grab whatever looks most appealing to check off the multivitamin box on their list. In addition, there was a 24% risk reduction in osteoporotic fractures in people with high compliance rate for calcium supplementation. this is a human study, not a reptile study. This is a Ca:P ratio of approximately 2:1. Butorphanol. This may seem like an extreme example, but there are many low-quality reptile vitamins and supplements being sold in pet stores and throughout the Internet. Randomized controlled trial of calcium supplementation in healthy, nonosteoporotic, older men. Resistant: 10 mg/kg IM/PO q 24h. I just want to take care of him right. Excessive or unabsorbed calcium is excreted in urine and feces. KL, XFW, DYL, YCC, XGL, LJZ, JS, and HWD revised the final manuscript.
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